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References

Use the following MLA guidelines to cite your sources:

Quicklinks: Online | CD | Book | Magazines | Journals | Encyclopedia | Newspapers | Bulletins, Pamphlets, Reports | Other Media

Citing Online Sources (back to top)

Format for magazine and newspaper articles from school sponsored databases:

Author of article (if provided). “Title of article.” Name of magazine/newspaper Date of
publication (day mon. year), edition or section (if provided): pages (if provided). Name of
database. Name of database provider. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. Access
date (day mon. year) <web address of main page>.

Examples from EBSCOhost, NewsBank, InfoTrac or SIRS:

Frick, Robert. “Investing in Medical Miracles.” Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Feb. 1999: 80-87.
    SIRS Researcher. SIRS Knowledge Source. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN.
    10 Feb. 2000 <http://www.sirs.com>.

“School’s in Session.” Chicago Sun-Times 22 Mar. 1998, Late Sports final ed., Sunday Sports
    sec.: 24. NewsBank NewsFile Collection. NewsBank, Inc. Maryville High School Lib.,
    Maryville, TN. 25 Sept. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.

Sample, Herbert A. “Identity Theft is Among Fastest Growing White-Collar Crimes, FBI Says.”
    Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News 12 Nov. 2001. InfoTrac OneFile. Gale Group
    Databases. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 25 Oct. 2002
    <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.

Hallett, Vicky. “He Shoots First and Asks Questions at the Same Time.” U.S. News & World
   Report 14 Oct. 2002: 56. EBSCOhost Web MAS Online Plus. EBSCO Publishing.
   Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 5 May 2002 <http://search.epnet..com>.

Format for general information obtained from a database like World Geography:

“Argentina: Government.” World Geography: Understanding a Changing World. ABC-CLIO
   Schools Subscription Web Sites. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 12 Dec. 2002
   <http://www.worldgeography.abc-clio.com>.

Graphics from any database:

“Ethiopia.” Map. Rand McNally Maps. 1996. Student Edition. Gale Group Databases. Maryville
   High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 29 Jan. 2003 <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.

“Crime in Texas.” Table. “Juvenile Crime Dips in Texas.” The Dallas Morning News 20 June
   1999. NewsBank NewsFile Collection. NewsBank, Inc. Maryville High School Lib.,
   Maryville, TN. 12 Mar. 2003 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.

Amodeo, Chris. “The Meteosat, Keeping a Weather-Eye on the Earth.” Photograph. “New Eye
   on the Weather.” Geographical Magazine Sept. 2002: 54. EBSCOhost Web MAS Online
   Plus. EBSCO Publishing. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 5 May 2002
   <http://search.epnet.com>.

Other World Wide Web Sites:

A scholarly project:

The Victorian Web: An Overview. Ed. George Landow. June 2000 Brown University. 11 Oct.
   2002 <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html>.

Margaret Sanger Papers Project. 18 Oct. 2000. History Dept., New York U. 3 Jan. 2003
   <http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/>.

A professional site:

Shiva , Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World Issue.” NativeWeb. 30 Aug. 2001
   <http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shiva.html>.

“Media Giants.” The Merchants of Cool. 2001. PBS Online. 7 Mar. 2003
   <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants>.

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Values and Functions of Wetlands. 25 May
   2002. 6 June 2002 <http://www.epa.gov-owow/wetlands/facts/fact2.html>.

Gradson, James. “Life in Ancient Egypt.” 1998. Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 17 May
   2002 <http://www.clpgh.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/index.html>.

A page within a web site:

“Privacy Protection in Other Countries.” Media Awareness Network. Nov. 1999. 2 Dec. 2003
   <http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/issues/priv/laws/lawintl.htm>.

“Becoming a Meteorologist.” Weather.com. 12 Nov. 1999. The Weather Channel. 16 Apr. 2002
   <http://weather.com/learn_more/resources/metro.html>.

A personal web page:

Lancashire, Ian. Home page. 1 Feb. 2001
   <http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/index.html>.

Tice-Deering, Beverly. English as a Second Language. 15 Sept. 2002
   <http://dept.sccd.ctc.edu/~ticedeer/>.

Hamilton, Calvin J. Views of the Solar System. 12 Nov. 2001
   <http://solarviews.com/eng/homepage.htm>.

Some General Rules:

1. Abbreviate all months except for May, June and July.
2. Each citation line, after the first, should be indented three spaces.
3. When citing information from online databases subscribed to through the school library the library’s name and address must be included in the citation.
4. When including parenthetical references in the text, works should be cited just like printed works. For any type of source, you must include information in your text that directs readers to the correct entry in the works-cited list. Omit page numbers from your parenthetical references if your source lacks fixed page numbers. For a Web document, the page numbers of a printout should not be cited, because the pagination may vary in different printouts.

Citing CD-ROM Sources (back to top)

Program developed by producer:

Kennedy, John F. Encarta 95. CD-ROM. Chicago: Microsoft, 1992-94 ed.
   (Note: Encarta is a general encyclopedia in a CD-ROM format.)

Citing Book Sources (back to top)

One author:

Anderson, Virgil A. Training the Speaking Voice. New York: Oxford UP, 1957.

Two authors:

Harvey, George F., and Jack Hems. Freshwater Tropical Aquarium Fish. London: Batchworth,
   l952.

Three authors:

Hoffman, Frederick, Ken Donelson, and Bill Boal. Seeing and Communicating. New York:
   Scribner's, l962.

More than three authors:

McConnell, Frances, et al. Creative Intelligence and Modern Life. Boulder: U of Colorado P,
   l967.

Corporate author:

Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Guide to Foreign Information Sources.
   Washington: Foreign Commerce Dept., l970.

No author's name given:

Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam, l96l.

The World Almanac and Book of Facts. New York: Newspaper Enterprise, 1988 ed.

Edition after the first:

Giniger, Henry. World of Opera. 2nd ed. Norman: U of Oklahoma P, l959.

Translation:

Duverger, Maurice. Political Parties. Trans. Robert North. New York: Wiley, l954.

Editors:

Galbraith, John K., and Samuel E. Morison, eds. Oxford History of the American People. New
   York: Oxford UP, l965.

Novel, story, poem, play, essay in an anthology or collected work:

Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Great American Plays. Eds. Barrett H. Clark and
   Maxim Lieber. New York: World, l925. 676-732.
   (NOTE: A novel or play will be underlined.)

Sandburg, Carl. "The Windy City." Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg. Rev. ed. New York:
   Harcourt, l970. 271.
   (NOTE: A short story, poem, or essay will be in quotation marks.)

Work in two or more volumes which make up a complete set:

Trent, William Peterfield, et al., eds. Cambridge History of American Literature. 3 vols. New
   York: Macmillan, 1917. 2: 276-78.

Cumulative work or one which continues to add new volumes (CLC, TCLC, AITN, SATA):

Riley, Carolyn, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973.

Separately titled volume in a multivolume work with a general title and editor:

Lidz, Richard, and Linda Perrin, eds. Transportation. Vol. 2 of Career Information Center.
   6th ed. 13 vols.New York: Macmillan, 1996.

Durant, Will. The Age of Faith. Vol. 4 of The Story of Civilization. 11 vols. New York: Simon,
   l950.

Work in a series (ALWAYS CHECK TWAYNE, BLOOM, TWENTIETH-CENTURY VIEWS):

Bailey, Ronald. The Air War in Europe. Time-Life World War II Series. Ed. Hedley Donovan. Alexandria:    Time, l979.

Moss, Leonard. "The Perspective of a Playwright." Arthur Miller. Modern Critical Views Series.
   Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, l987.

Ringe, Donald A. James Fenimore Cooper. Twayne's United States Author Series 11. Ed.
   Sylvia Bowman. New York: Twayne, l962.

Author and editor:

Prescott, William Hickling. History of the Reign of Philip the Second. Ed. John Foster Kirk. 3
   vols. Philadelphia: Lippincott, l948. 1: 52-59.

Chapter by one author in a work edited by another:

Tillich, Paul. "Being and Love." Moral Principles of Action. Ed. Ruth Anshen. New York: Harper,
   l952.

Signed article in a specialized encyclopedia or reference work (NOT A GENERAL ENCYC.):

Kimball, Jeffrey. "War with Mexico." Great Events from History: American Series. Ed. Frank N.
   Magill. 3 vols. Englewood Cliffs: Salem, 1975. 2: 825-30.

Solomon, Eric. "Robert Benchley." American Humorists, 1800-1950. Ed. Stanley Trachtenberg. Vol. 11 of    Dictionary of Literary Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1982.

Introduction, preface, foreword, afterword:

Smith, Henry Nash. Introduction. The Prairie: A Tale. By James Fenimore Cooper. New York:
   Holt, l950. iv-vii.

Book with a title within its title:

Shelley, Louise. Interpretations of Willa Cather's "Paul's Case." New York: Barnes, l985.
   (short story or poem title included in book title)

James, Harvey. A Study of Conrad Richter's Sea of Grass and Light in the Forest. New York:
   Bantam, l987. (novel or play title included in book title)

The Bible:

The Bible. Revised Standard Version.

No publishing date given:

Woolf, Leonard. Beginning Again. London: Hogarth, n.d.

No publisher given:

Wren, James T. American Literature. Wheaton: n.p., 1978.

No place of publication given:

Haley, Virginia. Impressionism. N.p.: Rizzoli, 1982.

Some General Rules:

If you cannot find a model entry for the book you are citing, arrange the information in the following order:
1) author's name
2) title of the part of the book
3) title of the book if there is one
4) name of the editor of the book
5) edition used (after the first)
6) number of volumes
7) name of the series (followed by series editor)
8) place of publication, name of publisher, and date of publication
9) volume and page numbers used

Citing Magazine Sources (MONTHLY OR WEEKLY) (back to top)

Signed article:

Menard, Henry W. "Will Credit Medicine Be Enough?" Scientific American Aug. l963: 26-28.

Unsigned article:

"Crisis in the Falklands." Newsweek 28 Apr. 1982: 15-17.

Book review:

Wolfe, Alan. "Turning Economics to Dust." Rev. of Free to Choose: A Personal Statement,
   by Milton and Rose Friedman. Saturday Review 2 Feb. l980: 35-36.

Citing Scholarly Journals which Specialize in a Particular Academic Area (back to top)

An article in a journal with continuous pagination:

Hennessy, Rosemary. "Katherine Anne Porter's Model for Heroines." Colorado Quarterly 25
   (l977): 301-15.

An article in a journal that pages each issue separately:

Hess, Stephen. "Big Bill Taft." American Heritage 27.6 (l966): 32-37.
   (Note: 27.6 refers to volume 27 and issue 6.)

Citing General Encyclopedias (such as World Book) (back to top)

Signed article:

Lee, Edwin A. "Vocational Education." Encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia.1975 ed.
   (Note: The subtitles Macropaedia and Micropaedia are used only with Encyclopaedia Britannica.)

Unsigned article:

"Jackson, Andrew." Encyclopedia Americana. 1978 ed.

Citing Newspaper Articles (back to top)

Signed article:

Salisbury, Harrison E. "Farm Goals Cited by Soviet Official." Knoxville News-Sentinel 24 Aug.
   l979: 4.

Citing Bulletins, Pamphlets, and Reports (back to top)

Bulletins:

Cynicism and Pessimism in Robert Frost's Poetry. Encyclopaedia Britannica Library Research Service    Bulletin. Chicago: EB, n.d.

United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook
   Handbook. Scottsdale: Associated Books, 1988-89 ed.

Reports:

Pease, Marcus. Housing for Retired Persons. Report to the Mayor's Committee. St. Louis:
   Office of the Mayor, l958.

Pamphlets:

West, Paul. Robert Penn Warren. University of Minnesota Pamphlets on American Writers
   No. 44. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1964.

Interior Designers and Decorators. SRA Occupational Brief No. 8. Chicago: SRA, 1974.

Citing Other Media Sources (back to top)

Videocassette or audiotape:

Theatercraft. Videocassette. Elements of Literature Video Series. NewYork: Holt, 1989. 20 min.

Television or radio program:

The Cosby Show. NBC. WBIR, Knoxville. 6 July 1989.

Interviews:

Hemingway, Ernest. Personal interview. 25 May l960.

Micropublications:
Document a book or periodical photographically reproduced in miniature form as though the work were in its original form, and identify the medium (microfiche, microfilm, microcard) after the title.

Allen, Raymond. "Hemingway's Heroes." Microfiche. New York Times 21 Apr. 1962: 12.

(Note: The frame number is given in place of a page number on microfiche. The call number will be MIC followed by the notebook number and the microfiche sheet number.)
Example: MIC 3:28

Accountant. Microfiche. Information Needed for Occupational Entry Series. Knoxville: UT College of Ed., Dept. of Technological and Adult Ed., l986.

 

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