"Love is all you need." -- the Beatles
Use the following
MLA guidelines to cite your sources:
CITING ONLINE SOURCES
General format for
information from any school sponsored database:
Examples
from each database:
Graphics
from any database:
Other
World Wide Web sites:
A
page within a web site:
An
edu site:
An org site:
A personal web page:
CD-ROM
BOOKS
One author
Two authors
Three authors
More than three authors
Corporate author
No author's name given
Edition after the first
Translation
Editors
Novel, story, poem, play, essay in an anthology
or collected work
Work in two or more volumes which make up a complete set
Cumulative work or one which continues to add new volumes (CLC, TCLC,
AITN, SATA)
Separately titled volume in a multivolume work
with a general title and editor
Work in a series (ALWAYS CHECK TWAYNE, BLOOM, TWENTIETH-CENTURY VIEWS)
Author and editor
Chapter by one author in a work edited by another
Signed article in a specialized encyclopedia or reference work (NOT
A GENERAL ENCYC.)
Introduction, preface, foreword, afterword
Book with a title within its title
The Bible
No publishing date given
No publisher given
No place of publication given
MAGAZINES
(MONTHLY OR WEEKLY)
Signed article
Unsigned article
Book review
SCHOLARLY
JOURNALS WHICH SPECIALIZE IN A PARTICULAR ACADEMIC AREA
An article in a journal with continuous pagination
An article in a journal that pages each issue separately
GENERAL
ENCYCLOPEDIAS (such as World Book)
Signed article
Unsigned article
BULLETINS,
PAMPHLETS, AND REPORTS
OTHER MEDIA SOURCES
Videocassette or audiotape
Television or radio program
Interviews
Micropublications
Format
for magazine and newspaper articles from school sponsored databases:
Author of article (if provided). “Title of article.”
Name of magazine/newspaper Date of
publication (day mon. year),
edition or section (if provided): pages (if provided). Name of
database. Name of database
provider. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. Access
date (day mon. year) <web
address of main page>.
Frick, Robert.
“Investing in Medical Miracles.” Kiplinger’s Personal
Finance Feb. 1999: 80-87.
SIRS Researcher. SIRS
Knowledge Source. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN.
10 Feb. 2000 <http://www.sirs.com>.
“School’s
in Session.” Chicago Sun-Times 22 Mar. 1998, Late Sports
final ed., Sunday Sports
sec.: 24. NewsBank NewsFile
Collection. NewsBank, Inc. Maryville High School Lib.,
Maryville, TN. 25 Sept. 2002
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Sample, Herbert
A. “Identity Theft is Among Fastest Growing White-Collar Crimes,
FBI Says.”
Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business
News 12 Nov. 2001. InfoTrac OneFile. Gale Group
Databases. Maryville High School
Lib., Maryville, TN. 25 Oct. 2002
<http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Hallett, Vicky.
“He Shoots First and Asks Questions at the Same Time.” U.S.
News & World
Report 14 Oct. 2002:
56. EBSCOhost Web MAS Online Plus. EBSCO Publishing.
Maryville High School Lib.,
Maryville, TN. 5 May 2002 <http://search.epnet..com>.
“Argentina: Government.” World Geography: Understanding a
Changing World. ABC-CLIO
Schools Subscription Web
Sites. 18 Aug. 2003 <http://www.worldgeography.
abc-clio.com>.
“Ernest
Hemingway.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. 2003. Literature Resource
Center.
Gale Group Databases.
Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 17 Sep. 2003
<http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Eisinger,
Chester E. "Herzog: Overview." Reference Guide to American Literature,
3rd ed. 1994.
Literature Resource
Center. Gale Group Databases. Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN.
10 Mar. 2004 <http://infotrac.galegroup.com>.
“Animal
Trainer: What They Do.” CX Online. 2003. Bridges.com, Inc. Maryville
High School Lib.,
Maryville, TN. 30
Oct. 2003 <http://cx.bridges.com>.
“Ethiopia.”
Map. Rand McNally Maps. 1996. Student Edition. Gale Group
Databases. Maryville
High School Lib., Maryville,
TN. 29 Jan. 2003 <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Amodeo, Chris.
“The Meteosat, Keeping a Weather-Eye on the Earth.” Photograph.
“New Eye
on the Weather.” Geographical
Magazine Sept. 2002: 54. EBSCOhost Web MAS Online
Plus. EBSCO Publishing.
Maryville High School Lib., Maryville, TN. 5 May 2002
<http://search.epnet.com>.
Other
World Wide Web Sites:
A
page within a web site:
Creator or author (if provided). “Title of page.” Name of
site. Date of page or site (if provided—
day mon. year).
Date of access (day mon. year) <web page address>.
Ours, Robert M. “Introduction: A Brief History of College Football.” College Football Encyclopedia. 2003. 30 May 2003 <http://www.footballencyclopedia.com>.
“Privacy
Protection in Other Countries.” Media Awareness Network. Nov. 1999.
2 Dec. 2003
<http://www.media-awareness.ca/eng/issues/priv/laws/lawintl.htm>.
An
edu site:
Creator or
author of page (if provided). “Title of page.” Name of site.
Editor of site (if provided).
Date of site (if
provided—day mon. year). Name of educational organization. Date
of access (day mon.
year) <web page address>.
Devitt, Terry.
“Flying High.” The Why Files. 9 Dec. 1999. University of Wisconsin,
Board of
Regents. 4 Jan.
2000 <http://whyfiles.news.wisc.edu/shorties/kite.html>.
An org site:
“Media
Giants.” The Merchants of Cool. 2001. PBS Online.
7 Mar. 2003
<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/giants>.
United States.
Environmental Protection Agency. Values and Functions of Wetlands. 25
May
2002. 6 June 2002 <http://www.epa.gov-owow/wetlands/facts/fact2.html>.
Gradson, James.
“Life in Ancient Egypt.” 1998. Carnegie Museum of Natural
History. 17 May
2002 <http://www.clpgh.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/index.html>.
A personal web page:
Lancashire,
Ian. Home page. 1 Feb. 2001
<http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/index.html>.
Tice-Deering,
Beverly. English as a Second Language. 15 Sept. 2002
<http://dept.sccd.ctc.edu/~ticedeer/>.
Some General Rules:
1. Abbreviate
all months except for May, June and July.
2. Each citation line, after the first, should be indented three spaces.
3 . When including parenthetical references in the text, works should
be cited just like printed works. For any type of source, you must include
information in your text that directs readers to the correct entry in
the works-cited list. Omit page numbers from your parenthetical references
if your source lacks fixed page numbers. For a Web document, the page
numbers of a printout should not be cited, because the pagination may
vary in different printouts
CD-ROM
Program developed by producer
Kennedy, John F. Encarta 95. CD-ROM. Chicago: Microsoft, 1992-94
ed.
(Note: Encarta
is a general encyclopedia in a CD-ROM format.)
One author
Anderson, Virgil A. Training the Speaking Voice. New York: Oxford
UP, 1957.
Two authors
Harvey, George F., and Jack Hems. Freshwater Tropical Aquarium Fish.
London: Batchworth,
l952.
Three authors
Hoffman, Frederick, Ken Donelson, and Bill Boal. Seeing and Communicating.
New York:
Scribner's, l962.
More than three authors
McConnell, Frances, et al. Creative Intelligence and Modern Life.
Boulder: U of Colorado P,
l967.
Corporate author
Chamber of Commerce of the United States. Guide to Foreign Information
Sources.
Washington: Foreign Commerce
Dept., l970.
No author's name given
Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Springfield: Merriam, l96l.
The World Almanac and Book of Facts. New York: Newspaper Enterprise,
1988 ed.
Edition after the first
Giniger, Henry. World of Opera. 2nd ed. Norman: U of Oklahoma P,
l959.
Translation
Duverger, Maurice. Political Parties. Trans. Robert North. New
York: Wiley, l954.
Editors
Galbraith, John K., and Samuel E. Morison, eds. Oxford History of the
American People. New
York: Oxford UP, l965.
Novel, story, poem, play, essay in an anthology or collected work
Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Great American
Plays. Eds. Barrett H. Clark and
Maxim Lieber. New York: World,
l925. 676-732.
(NOTE: A novel or play will
be underlined.)
Sandburg, Carl. "The Windy City." Complete Poems of Carl
Sandburg. Rev. ed. New York:
Harcourt, l970. 271.
(NOTE: A short story, poem, or essay
will be in quotation marks.)
Work in two or more volumes which make up a complete set
Trent, William Peterfield, et al., eds. Cambridge History of American
Literature. 3 vols. New
York: Macmillan, 1917. 2: 276-78.
Cumulative work or one which continues to add new volumes (CLC, TCLC,
AITN, SATA)
Riley, Carolyn, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 1. Detroit:
Gale, 1973.
Separately titled volume in a multivolume work with a general title and
editor
Lidz, Richard, and Linda Perrin, eds. Transportation. Vol. 2 of
Career Information Center.
6th ed. 13 vols.New York: Macmillan, 1996.
Durant, Will. The Age of Faith. Vol. 4 of The Story of Civilization.
11 vols. New York: Simon,
l950.
Work in a series (ALWAYS CHECK TWAYNE, BLOOM, TWENTIETH-CENTURY VIEWS)
Bailey, Ronald. The Air War in Europe. Time-Life World War II Series.
Ed. Hedley Donovan. Alexandria:
Time, l979.
Moss, Leonard. "The Perspective of a Playwright." Arthur
Miller. Modern Critical Views Series.
Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:
Chelsea, l987.
Ringe, Donald A. James Fenimore Cooper. Twayne's United States
Author Series 11. Ed.
Sylvia Bowman. New York: Twayne,
l962.
Author and editor
Prescott, William Hickling. History of the Reign of Philip the Second.
Ed. John Foster Kirk. 3
vols. Philadelphia: Lippincott, l948.
1: 52-59.
Chapter
by one author in a work edited by another
Tillich, Paul. "Being and Love." Moral Principles of Action.
Ed. Ruth Anshen. New York: Harper,
l952.
Signed article in a specialized encyclopedia or reference work (NOT
A GENERAL ENCYC.)
Kimball, Jeffrey. "War with Mexico." Great Events from History:
American Series. Ed. Frank N.
Magill. 3 vols. Englewood
Cliffs: Salem, 1975. 2: 825-30.
Solomon, Eric. "Robert Benchley." American Humorists, 1800-1950.
Ed. Stanley Trachtenberg. Vol.
11 of Dictionary of Literary Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1982.
Introduction, preface, foreword, afterword
Smith, Henry Nash. Introduction. The Prairie: A Tale. By James
Fenimore Cooper. New York:
Holt, l950. iv-vii.
Book with a title within its title
Shelley, Louise. Interpretations of Willa Cather's "Paul's Case."
New York: Barnes, l985.
(short story or poem title included
in book title)
James, Harvey. A Study of Conrad Richter's Sea of Grass and
Light in the Forest. New York:
Bantam, l987. (novel or
play title included in book title)
The Bible
The Bible. Revised Standard Version.
No publishing date given
Woolf, Leonard. Beginning Again. London: Hogarth, n.d.
No publisher given
Wren, James T. American Literature. Wheaton: n.p., 1978.
No place of publication given
Haley, Virginia. Impressionism. N.p.: Rizzoli, 1982.
If you
cannot find a model entry for the book you are citing, arrange the
information in the following order:
1) author's name 6) number of volumes
2) title of the part of the book 7) name of the series (followed by series
editor
3) title of the book if there is one)
4) name of the editor of the book 8) place of publication, name of publisher,
and
5) edition used (after the first) date of publication
9) volume and page numbers used
MAGAZINES (MONTHLY OR WEEKLY)
Signed article
Menard, Henry W. "Will Credit Medicine Be Enough?" Scientific
American Aug. l963: 26-28.
Unsigned article
"Crisis in the Falklands." Newsweek 28 Apr. 1982: 15-17.
Book review
Wolfe, Alan. "Turning Economics to Dust." Rev. of Free to Choose:
A Personal Statement,
by Milton and Rose Friedman.
Saturday Review 2 Feb. l980: 35-36.
SCHOLARLY JOURNALS WHICH SPECIALIZE IN A PARTICULAR ACADEMIC AREA
An article in a journal with continuous pagination
Hennessy, Rosemary. "Katherine Anne Porter's Model for Heroines."
Colorado Quarterly 25
(l977): 301-15.
An article in a journal that pages each issue separately
Hess, Stephen. "Big Bill Taft." American Heritage 27.6
(l966): 32-37. (Note: 27.6 refers to volume 27 and issue 6.)
GENERAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS (such as World Book)
Signed article
Lee, Edwin A. "Vocational Education." Encyclopaedia Britannica:
Macropaedia.1975 ed. (Note: The
subtitles Macropaedia and Micropaedia are used only with
Encyclopaedia Britannica.)
Unsigned article
"Jackson, Andrew." Encyclopedia Americana. 1978 ed.
NEWSPAPER
ARTICLES
Signed article
Salisbury, Harrison E. "Farm Goals Cited by Soviet Official."
Knoxville News-Sentinel 24 Aug.
l979: 4.
BULLETINS, PAMPHLETS, AND REPORTS
Bulletins
Cynicism and Pessimism in Robert Frost's Poetry. Encyclopaedia Britannica
Library Research Service
Bulletin. Chicago: EB, n.d.
United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational
Outlook
Handbook. Scottsdale:
Associated Books, 1988-89 ed.
Reports
Pease, Marcus. Housing for Retired Persons. Report to the Mayor's
Committee. St. Louis:
Office of the Mayor, l958.
Pamphlets
West, Paul. Robert Penn Warren. University of Minnesota Pamphlets
on American Writers
No. 44. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota
P, 1964.
Interior Designers and Decorators. SRA Occupational Brief No. 8. Chicago:
SRA, 1974.
OTHER MEDIA SOURCES
Videocassette or audiotape
Theatercraft. Videocassette. Elements of Literature Video Series.
NewYork: Holt, 1989. 20 min.
Television or radio program
The Cosby Show. NBC. WBIR, Knoxville. 6 July 1989.
Interviews
Hemingway, Ernest. Personal interview. 25 May l960.
Micropublications
Document a book or periodical photographically reproduced in miniature
form as though the work were in its original form, and identify the medium
(microfiche, microfilm, microcard) after the title.
Allen, Raymond. "Hemingway's Heroes." Microfiche. New York
Times 21 Apr. 1962: 12.
(Note: The frame number is given in place of a page number on microfiche.
The call number will be MIC followed by the notebook number and the microfiche
sheet number.)
Example: MIC 3:28
Accountant. Microfiche. Information Needed for Occupational Entry
Series. Knoxville: UT College of Ed., Dept. of Technological and Adult
Ed., l986.
Last updated January 4, 2004
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