Paraphrase Note

"Invictus" ("Unconquered") is perhaps the most widely known bad poem in English, and certainly there is no trace in it of a technical flaw on which its badness could be blamed.  Nor is the poem bad because of its subject matter.  Hardy and Housman, among others, have written many poems that take as bleakly pessimistic an attitude toward life as does "Invictus."  The success of many such poems is sufficient evidence that English and American readers can enter into a sympathetic contract to consider the world as some sort of unhappy pit.  It is not in the way Henley takes his subject, but in the way he takes himself that the reader parts company with the poet.  To take the world as one's subject and to take the attitude that it is nothing but a place of suffering is one thing; but to react by taking oneself with such chest-thumping heroics, is very much another.  One feels that Henley is not really reacting from his own profoundest depths but that he is making some sort of overdramatic speech about pessimism.  There is a failure of character in the tone he has assumed.  The poet has presented himself as unflinchingly valiant.  The reader cannot help but find him merely inflated and self-dramatizing.

When paraphrasing a passage, you must put the author's ideas entirely in your own words.  This type of note will be almost as long as the original.